nautilus_kraken/http/futures/

client.rs

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Copyright (C) 2015-2026 Nautech Systems Pty Ltd. All rights reserved.
//  https://nautechsystems.io
//
//  Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 3.0 (the "License");
//  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//  You may obtain a copy of the License at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0.en.html
//
//  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//  limitations under the License.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//! HTTP client for the Kraken Futures REST API.

use std::{
    collections::HashMap,
    fmt::Debug,
    num::NonZeroU32,
    sync::{
        Arc,
        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
    },
};

use ahash::AHashMap;
use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use nautilus_core::{
    AtomicMap, AtomicTime, UUID4, consts::NAUTILUS_USER_AGENT, nanos::UnixNanos,
    time::get_atomic_clock_realtime,
};
use nautilus_model::{
    data::{Bar, BarType, BookOrder, FundingRateUpdate, TradeTick},
    enums::{
        AccountType, BookType, CurrencyType, MarketStatusAction, OrderSide, OrderType, TimeInForce,
        TriggerType,
    },
    events::AccountState,
    identifiers::{AccountId, ClientOrderId, InstrumentId, Symbol, VenueOrderId},
    instruments::{Instrument, InstrumentAny},
    orderbook::OrderBook,
    reports::{FillReport, OrderStatusReport, PositionStatusReport},
    types::{AccountBalance, Currency, MarginBalance, Money, Price, Quantity},
};
use nautilus_network::{
    http::{HttpClient, Method, USER_AGENT},
    ratelimiter::quota::Quota,
    retry::{RetryConfig, RetryManager},
};
use rust_decimal::{Decimal, prelude::FromPrimitive};
use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
use ustr::Ustr;

use super::{models::*, query::*};
use crate::{
    common::{
        consts::{KRAKEN_VENUE, NAUTILUS_KRAKEN_BROKER_ID},
        credential::KrakenCredential,
        enums::{
            KrakenApiResult, KrakenEnvironment, KrakenFuturesOrderType, KrakenOrderSide,
            KrakenProductType, KrakenSendStatus, KrakenTriggerSignal,
        },
        parse::{
            bar_type_to_futures_resolution, parse_bar, parse_futures_fill_report,
            parse_futures_instrument, parse_futures_order_event_status_report,
            parse_futures_order_status_report, parse_futures_position_status_report,
            parse_futures_public_execution, truncate_cl_ord_id,
        },
        urls::get_kraken_http_base_url,
    },
    http::{error::KrakenHttpError, models::OhlcData},
};

/// Default Kraken Futures REST API rate limit (requests per second).
pub const KRAKEN_FUTURES_DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_PER_SECOND: u32 = 5;

const KRAKEN_GLOBAL_RATE_KEY: &str = "kraken:futures:global";

/// Maximum orders per batch cancel request for Kraken Futures API.
const BATCH_CANCEL_LIMIT: usize = 50;

/// Maximum operations per batch order request for Kraken Futures API.
const BATCH_ORDER_LIMIT: usize = 10;

/// Raw HTTP client for low-level Kraken Futures API operations.
///
/// This client handles request/response operations with the Kraken Futures API,
/// returning venue-specific response types. It does not parse to Nautilus domain types.
pub struct KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient {
    base_url: String,
    client: HttpClient,
    credential: Option<KrakenCredential>,
    retry_manager: RetryManager<KrakenHttpError>,
    cancellation_token: CancellationToken,
    clock: &'static AtomicTime,
    /// Mutex to serialize authenticated requests, ensuring nonces arrive at Kraken in order
    auth_mutex: tokio::sync::Mutex<()>,
}

impl Default for KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new(
            KrakenEnvironment::Mainnet,
            None,
            60,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            KRAKEN_FUTURES_DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_PER_SECOND,
        )
        .expect("Failed to create default KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient")
    }
}

impl Debug for KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct(stringify!(KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient))
            .field("base_url", &self.base_url)
            .field("has_credentials", &self.credential.is_some())
            .finish()
    }
}

impl KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient {
    /// Creates a new [`KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient`].
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        environment: KrakenEnvironment,
        base_url_override: Option<String>,
        timeout_secs: u64,
        max_retries: Option<u32>,
        retry_delay_ms: Option<u64>,
        retry_delay_max_ms: Option<u64>,
        proxy_url: Option<String>,
        max_requests_per_second: u32,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
        let retry_config = RetryConfig {
            max_retries: max_retries.unwrap_or(3),
            initial_delay_ms: retry_delay_ms.unwrap_or(1000),
            max_delay_ms: retry_delay_max_ms.unwrap_or(10_000),
            backoff_factor: 2.0,
            jitter_ms: 1000,
            operation_timeout_ms: Some(60_000),
            immediate_first: false,
            max_elapsed_ms: Some(180_000),
        };

        let retry_manager = RetryManager::new(retry_config);
        let base_url = base_url_override.unwrap_or_else(|| {
            get_kraken_http_base_url(KrakenProductType::Futures, environment).to_string()
        });

        Ok(Self {
            base_url,
            client: HttpClient::new(
                Self::default_headers(),
                vec![],
                Self::rate_limiter_quotas(max_requests_per_second)?,
                Some(Self::default_quota(max_requests_per_second)?),
                Some(timeout_secs),
                proxy_url,
            )
            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to create HTTP client: {e}"))?,
            credential: None,
            retry_manager,
            cancellation_token: CancellationToken::new(),
            clock: get_atomic_clock_realtime(),
            auth_mutex: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(()),
        })
    }

    /// Creates a new [`KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient`] with credentials.
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn with_credentials(
        api_key: String,
        api_secret: String,
        environment: KrakenEnvironment,
        base_url_override: Option<String>,
        timeout_secs: u64,
        max_retries: Option<u32>,
        retry_delay_ms: Option<u64>,
        retry_delay_max_ms: Option<u64>,
        proxy_url: Option<String>,
        max_requests_per_second: u32,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
        let retry_config = RetryConfig {
            max_retries: max_retries.unwrap_or(3),
            initial_delay_ms: retry_delay_ms.unwrap_or(1000),
            max_delay_ms: retry_delay_max_ms.unwrap_or(10_000),
            backoff_factor: 2.0,
            jitter_ms: 1000,
            operation_timeout_ms: Some(60_000),
            immediate_first: false,
            max_elapsed_ms: Some(180_000),
        };

        let retry_manager = RetryManager::new(retry_config);
        let base_url = base_url_override.unwrap_or_else(|| {
            get_kraken_http_base_url(KrakenProductType::Futures, environment).to_string()
        });

        Ok(Self {
            base_url,
            client: HttpClient::new(
                Self::default_headers(),
                vec![],
                Self::rate_limiter_quotas(max_requests_per_second)?,
                Some(Self::default_quota(max_requests_per_second)?),
                Some(timeout_secs),
                proxy_url,
            )
            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to create HTTP client: {e}"))?,
            credential: Some(KrakenCredential::new(api_key, api_secret)),
            retry_manager,
            cancellation_token: CancellationToken::new(),
            clock: get_atomic_clock_realtime(),
            auth_mutex: tokio::sync::Mutex::new(()),
        })
    }

    /// Generates a unique nonce for Kraken Futures API requests.
    ///
    /// Uses `AtomicTime` for strict monotonicity. The nanosecond timestamp
    /// guarantees uniqueness even for rapid consecutive calls.
    fn generate_nonce(&self) -> u64 {
        self.clock.get_time_ns().as_u64()
    }

    /// Returns the base URL for this client.
    pub fn base_url(&self) -> &str {
        &self.base_url
    }

    /// Returns the credential for this client, if set.
    pub fn credential(&self) -> Option<&KrakenCredential> {
        self.credential.as_ref()
    }

    /// Cancels all pending HTTP requests.
    pub fn cancel_all_requests(&self) {
        self.cancellation_token.cancel();
    }

    /// Returns the cancellation token for this client.
    pub fn cancellation_token(&self) -> &CancellationToken {
        &self.cancellation_token
    }

    fn default_headers() -> HashMap<String, String> {
        HashMap::from([(USER_AGENT.to_string(), NAUTILUS_USER_AGENT.to_string())])
    }

    fn default_quota(max_requests_per_second: u32) -> anyhow::Result<Quota> {
        let burst = NonZeroU32::new(max_requests_per_second).unwrap_or(
            NonZeroU32::new(KRAKEN_FUTURES_DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_PER_SECOND).expect("non-zero"),
        );
        Quota::per_second(burst).ok_or_else(|| {
            anyhow::anyhow!(
                "Invalid max_requests_per_second: {max_requests_per_second} exceeds maximum"
            )
        })
    }

    fn rate_limiter_quotas(max_requests_per_second: u32) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<(String, Quota)>> {
        Ok(vec![(
            KRAKEN_GLOBAL_RATE_KEY.to_string(),
            Self::default_quota(max_requests_per_second)?,
        )])
    }

    fn rate_limit_keys(endpoint: &str) -> Vec<String> {
        let normalized = endpoint.split('?').next().unwrap_or(endpoint);
        let route = format!("kraken:futures:{normalized}");
        vec![KRAKEN_GLOBAL_RATE_KEY.to_string(), route]
    }

    async fn send_request<T: DeserializeOwned>(
        &self,
        method: Method,
        endpoint: &str,
        url: String,
        authenticate: bool,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<T, KrakenHttpError> {
        // Serialize authenticated requests to ensure nonces arrive at Kraken in order.
        // Without this, concurrent requests can race through the network and arrive
        // out-of-order, causing "Invalid nonce" errors.
        let _guard = if authenticate {
            Some(self.auth_mutex.lock().await)
        } else {
            None
        };

        let endpoint = endpoint.to_string();
        let method_clone = method.clone();
        let url_clone = url.clone();
        let credential = self.credential.clone();

        let operation = || {
            let url = url_clone.clone();
            let method = method_clone.clone();
            let endpoint = endpoint.clone();
            let credential = credential.clone();

            async move {
                let mut headers = Self::default_headers();

                if authenticate {
                    let cred = credential.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
                        KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                            "Missing credentials for authenticated request".to_string(),
                        )
                    })?;

                    let nonce = self.generate_nonce();

                    let signature = cred.sign_futures(&endpoint, "", nonce).map_err(|e| {
                        KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(format!("Failed to sign request: {e}"))
                    })?;

                    let base_url = &self.base_url;
                    log::debug!(
                        "Kraken Futures auth: endpoint={endpoint}, nonce={nonce}, base_url={base_url}"
                    );

                    headers.insert("APIKey".to_string(), cred.api_key().to_string());
                    headers.insert("Authent".to_string(), signature);
                    headers.insert("Nonce".to_string(), nonce.to_string());
                }

                let rate_limit_keys = Self::rate_limit_keys(&endpoint);

                let response = self
                    .client
                    .request(
                        method,
                        url,
                        None,
                        Some(headers),
                        None,
                        None,
                        Some(rate_limit_keys),
                    )
                    .await
                    .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(e.to_string()))?;

                let status = response.status.as_u16();
                if status >= 400 {
                    let body = String::from_utf8_lossy(&response.body).to_string();
                    // Don't retry authentication errors
                    if status == 401 || status == 403 {
                        return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(format!(
                            "HTTP error {status}: {body}"
                        )));
                    }
                    return Err(KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(format!(
                        "HTTP error {status}: {body}"
                    )));
                }

                let response_text = String::from_utf8(response.body.to_vec()).map_err(|e| {
                    KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to parse response as UTF-8: {e}"))
                })?;

                serde_json::from_str(&response_text).map_err(|e| {
                    KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                        "Failed to deserialize futures response: {e}"
                    ))
                })
            }
        };

        let should_retry =
            |error: &KrakenHttpError| -> bool { matches!(error, KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(_)) };
        let create_error = |msg: String| -> KrakenHttpError { KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(msg) };

        self.retry_manager
            .execute_with_retry_with_cancel(
                &endpoint,
                operation,
                should_retry,
                create_error,
                &self.cancellation_token,
            )
            .await
    }

    /// Sends authenticated GET request with query parameters included in signature.
    ///
    /// For Kraken Futures, GET requests with query params must include them in postData
    /// for signing: message = postData + nonce + endpoint
    async fn send_get_with_query<T: DeserializeOwned>(
        &self,
        endpoint: &str,
        url: String,
        query_string: &str,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<T, KrakenHttpError> {
        let _guard = self.auth_mutex.lock().await;

        if self.cancellation_token.is_cancelled() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(
                "Request cancelled".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let credential = self.credential.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
            KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError("Missing credentials".to_string())
        })?;

        let nonce = self.generate_nonce();

        // Query params go in postData for signing (not in endpoint)
        let signature = credential
            .sign_futures(endpoint, query_string, nonce)
            .map_err(|e| {
                KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(format!("Failed to sign request: {e}"))
            })?;

        log::debug!(
            "Kraken Futures GET with query: endpoint={endpoint}, query={query_string}, nonce={nonce}"
        );

        let mut headers = Self::default_headers();
        headers.insert("APIKey".to_string(), credential.api_key().to_string());
        headers.insert("Authent".to_string(), signature);
        headers.insert("Nonce".to_string(), nonce.to_string());

        let rate_limit_keys = Self::rate_limit_keys(endpoint);

        let response = self
            .client
            .request(
                Method::GET,
                url,
                None,
                Some(headers),
                None,
                None,
                Some(rate_limit_keys),
            )
            .await
            .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(e.to_string()))?;

        let status = response.status.as_u16();
        if status >= 400 {
            let body = String::from_utf8_lossy(&response.body).to_string();

            if status == 401 || status == 403 {
                return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(format!(
                    "HTTP error {status}: {body}"
                )));
            }
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(format!(
                "HTTP error {status}: {body}"
            )));
        }

        let response_text = String::from_utf8(response.body.to_vec()).map_err(|e| {
            KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to parse response as UTF-8: {e}"))
        })?;

        serde_json::from_str(&response_text).map_err(|e| {
            KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to deserialize futures response: {e}"))
        })
    }

    async fn send_request_with_body<T: DeserializeOwned>(
        &self,
        endpoint: &str,
        params: HashMap<String, String>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<T, KrakenHttpError> {
        let post_data = serde_urlencoded::to_string(&params)
            .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to encode params: {e}")))?;
        self.send_authenticated_post(endpoint, post_data).await
    }

    /// Sends a request with typed parameters (serializable struct).
    async fn send_request_with_params<P: serde::Serialize, T: DeserializeOwned>(
        &self,
        endpoint: &str,
        params: &P,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<T, KrakenHttpError> {
        let post_data = serde_urlencoded::to_string(params)
            .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to encode params: {e}")))?;
        self.send_authenticated_post(endpoint, post_data).await
    }

    /// Core authenticated POST request - takes raw post_data string.
    async fn send_authenticated_post<T: DeserializeOwned>(
        &self,
        endpoint: &str,
        post_data: String,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<T, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.cancellation_token.is_cancelled() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(
                "Request cancelled".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        // Serialize authenticated requests to ensure nonces arrive at Kraken in order
        let _guard = self.auth_mutex.lock().await;

        if self.cancellation_token.is_cancelled() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(
                "Request cancelled".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let credential = self.credential.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
            KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError("Missing credentials".to_string())
        })?;

        let nonce = self.generate_nonce();
        log::debug!("Generated nonce {nonce} for {endpoint}");

        let signature = credential
            .sign_futures(endpoint, &post_data, nonce)
            .map_err(|e| {
                KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(format!("Failed to sign request: {e}"))
            })?;

        let url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);
        let mut headers = Self::default_headers();
        headers.insert(
            "Content-Type".to_string(),
            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".to_string(),
        );
        headers.insert("APIKey".to_string(), credential.api_key().to_string());
        headers.insert("Authent".to_string(), signature);
        headers.insert("Nonce".to_string(), nonce.to_string());

        let rate_limit_keys = Self::rate_limit_keys(endpoint);

        let response = self
            .client
            .request(
                Method::POST,
                url,
                None,
                Some(headers),
                Some(post_data.into_bytes()),
                None,
                Some(rate_limit_keys),
            )
            .await
            .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(e.to_string()))?;

        if response.status.as_u16() >= 400 {
            let status = response.status.as_u16();
            let body = String::from_utf8_lossy(&response.body).to_string();
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::NetworkError(format!(
                "HTTP error {status}: {body}"
            )));
        }

        let response_text = String::from_utf8(response.body.to_vec()).map_err(|e| {
            KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to parse response as UTF-8: {e}"))
        })?;

        serde_json::from_str(&response_text).map_err(|e| {
            log::error!("Failed to parse response from {endpoint}: {response_text}");
            KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to deserialize response: {e}"))
        })
    }

    /// Requests tradable instruments from Kraken Futures.
    pub async fn get_instruments(
        &self,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesInstrumentsResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/instruments";
        let url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        self.send_request(Method::GET, endpoint, url, false).await
    }

    /// Requests ticker information for all futures instruments.
    pub async fn get_tickers(&self) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesTickersResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/tickers";
        let url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        self.send_request(Method::GET, endpoint, url, false).await
    }

    /// Requests order book depth for a futures symbol.
    pub async fn get_orderbook(
        &self,
        symbol: &str,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesOrderBookResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        let endpoint = format!("/derivatives/api/v3/orderbook?symbol={symbol}");
        let url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        self.send_request(Method::GET, &endpoint, url, false).await
    }

    /// Requests historical funding rates for a futures symbol.
    pub async fn get_historical_funding_rates(
        &self,
        symbol: &str,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesHistoricalFundingRatesResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        let endpoint = format!("/derivatives/api/v4/historicalfundingrates?symbol={symbol}");
        let url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        self.send_request(Method::GET, &endpoint, url, false).await
    }

    /// Requests OHLC candlestick data for a futures symbol.
    pub async fn get_ohlc(
        &self,
        tick_type: &str,
        symbol: &str,
        resolution: &str,
        from: Option<i64>,
        to: Option<i64>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesCandlesResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        let endpoint = format!("/api/charts/v1/{tick_type}/{symbol}/{resolution}");

        let mut url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        let mut query_params = Vec::new();

        if let Some(from_ts) = from {
            query_params.push(format!("from={from_ts}"));
        }

        if let Some(to_ts) = to {
            query_params.push(format!("to={to_ts}"));
        }

        if !query_params.is_empty() {
            url.push('?');
            url.push_str(&query_params.join("&"));
        }

        self.send_request(Method::GET, &endpoint, url, false).await
    }

    /// Gets public execution events (trades) for a futures symbol.
    pub async fn get_public_executions(
        &self,
        symbol: &str,
        since: Option<i64>,
        before: Option<i64>,
        sort: Option<&str>,
        continuation_token: Option<&str>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesPublicExecutionsResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        let endpoint = format!("/api/history/v3/market/{symbol}/executions");

        let mut url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        let mut query_params = Vec::new();

        if let Some(since_ts) = since {
            query_params.push(format!("since={since_ts}"));
        }

        if let Some(before_ts) = before {
            query_params.push(format!("before={before_ts}"));
        }

        if let Some(sort_order) = sort {
            query_params.push(format!("sort={sort_order}"));
        }

        if let Some(token) = continuation_token {
            query_params.push(format!("continuationToken={token}"));
        }

        if !query_params.is_empty() {
            url.push('?');
            url.push_str(&query_params.join("&"));
        }

        self.send_request(Method::GET, &endpoint, url, false).await
    }

    /// Requests all open orders (requires authentication).
    pub async fn get_open_orders(
        &self,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesOpenOrdersResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for futures open orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/openorders";
        let url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        self.send_request(Method::GET, endpoint, url, true).await
    }

    /// Requests historical order events (requires authentication).
    pub async fn get_order_events(
        &self,
        before: Option<i64>,
        since: Option<i64>,
        continuation_token: Option<&str>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesOrderEventsResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for futures order events".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/api/history/v2/orders";
        let mut query_params = Vec::new();

        if let Some(before_ts) = before {
            query_params.push(format!("before={before_ts}"));
        }

        if let Some(since_ts) = since {
            query_params.push(format!("since={since_ts}"));
        }

        if let Some(token) = continuation_token {
            query_params.push(format!("continuation_token={token}"));
        }

        // Build URL with query params
        let query_string = query_params.join("&");
        let url = if query_string.is_empty() {
            format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url)
        } else {
            format!("{}{endpoint}?{query_string}", self.base_url)
        };

        // For signing: query params go in postData, not endpoint
        // Kraken: message = postData + nonce + endpoint
        self.send_get_with_query(endpoint, url, &query_string).await
    }

    /// Requests fill/trade history (requires authentication).
    pub async fn get_fills(
        &self,
        last_fill_time: Option<&str>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesFillsResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for futures fills".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/fills";
        let query_string = last_fill_time
            .map(|t| format!("lastFillTime={t}"))
            .unwrap_or_default();

        let url = if query_string.is_empty() {
            format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url)
        } else {
            format!("{}{endpoint}?{query_string}", self.base_url)
        };

        // Query params go in postData for signing
        self.send_get_with_query(endpoint, url, &query_string).await
    }

    /// Requests open positions (requires authentication).
    pub async fn get_open_positions(
        &self,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesOpenPositionsResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for futures open positions".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/openpositions";
        let url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        self.send_request(Method::GET, endpoint, url, true).await
    }

    /// Requests all accounts (cash and margin) with balances and margin info.
    pub async fn get_accounts(&self) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesAccountsResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for futures accounts".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/accounts";
        let url = format!("{}{endpoint}", self.base_url);

        self.send_request(Method::GET, endpoint, url, true).await
    }

    /// Submits a new order (requires authentication).
    pub async fn send_order(
        &self,
        params: HashMap<String, String>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesSendOrderResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for sending orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/sendorder";
        self.send_request_with_body(endpoint, params).await
    }

    /// Submits a new order using typed parameters (requires authentication).
    pub async fn send_order_params(
        &self,
        params: &KrakenFuturesSendOrderParams,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesSendOrderResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for sending orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/sendorder";
        self.send_request_with_params(endpoint, params).await
    }

    /// Cancels an open order (requires authentication).
    pub async fn cancel_order(
        &self,
        order_id: Option<String>,
        cli_ord_id: Option<String>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesCancelOrderResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for canceling orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let mut params = HashMap::new();

        if let Some(id) = order_id {
            params.insert("order_id".to_string(), id);
        }

        if let Some(id) = cli_ord_id {
            params.insert("cliOrdId".to_string(), id);
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/cancelorder";
        self.send_request_with_body(endpoint, params).await
    }

    /// Edits an existing order (requires authentication).
    pub async fn edit_order(
        &self,
        params: &KrakenFuturesEditOrderParams,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesEditOrderResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for editing orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/editorder";
        self.send_request_with_params(endpoint, params).await
    }

    /// Submits multiple orders in a single batch request (requires authentication).
    pub async fn batch_order(
        &self,
        params: HashMap<String, String>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesBatchOrderResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for batch orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/batchorder";
        self.send_request_with_body(endpoint, params).await
    }

    /// Cancels multiple orders in a single batch request (requires authentication).
    pub async fn cancel_orders_batch(
        &self,
        order_ids: Vec<String>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesBatchCancelResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for batch orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let batch_items: Vec<KrakenFuturesBatchCancelItem> = order_ids
            .into_iter()
            .map(KrakenFuturesBatchCancelItem::from_order_id)
            .collect();

        let params = KrakenFuturesBatchOrderParams::new(batch_items);
        let post_data = params
            .to_body()
            .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to serialize batch: {e}")))?;

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/batchorder";
        self.send_authenticated_post(endpoint, post_data).await
    }

    /// Submits multiple orders in a single batch request (requires authentication).
    pub async fn submit_orders_batch(
        &self,
        items: Vec<KrakenFuturesBatchSendItem>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesBatchOrderResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for batch orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let params = KrakenFuturesBatchOrderParams::new(items);
        let post_data = params
            .to_body()
            .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to serialize batch: {e}")))?;

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/batchorder";
        self.send_authenticated_post(endpoint, post_data).await
    }

    /// Edits multiple orders in a single batch request (requires authentication).
    pub async fn edit_orders_batch(
        &self,
        items: Vec<KrakenFuturesBatchEditItem>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesBatchOrderResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for batch orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let params = KrakenFuturesBatchOrderParams::new(items);
        let post_data = params
            .to_body()
            .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Failed to serialize batch: {e}")))?;

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/batchorder";
        self.send_authenticated_post(endpoint, post_data).await
    }

    /// Cancels all open orders, optionally filtered by symbol (requires authentication).
    pub async fn cancel_all_orders(
        &self,
        symbol: Option<String>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<FuturesCancelAllOrdersResponse, KrakenHttpError> {
        if self.credential.is_none() {
            return Err(KrakenHttpError::AuthenticationError(
                "API credentials required for canceling orders".to_string(),
            ));
        }

        let mut params = HashMap::new();

        if let Some(sym) = symbol {
            params.insert("symbol".to_string(), sym);
        }

        let endpoint = "/derivatives/api/v3/cancelallorders";
        self.send_request_with_body(endpoint, params).await
    }
}

/// High-level HTTP client for the Kraken Futures REST API.
///
/// This client wraps the raw client and provides Nautilus domain types.
/// It maintains an instrument cache and uses it to parse venue responses
/// into Nautilus domain objects.
#[cfg_attr(
    feature = "python",
    pyo3::pyclass(module = "nautilus_trader.core.nautilus_pyo3.kraken", from_py_object)
)]
#[cfg_attr(
    feature = "python",
    pyo3_stub_gen::derive::gen_stub_pyclass(module = "nautilus_trader.kraken")
)]
pub struct KrakenFuturesHttpClient {
    pub(crate) inner: Arc<KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient>,
    pub(crate) instruments_cache: Arc<AtomicMap<Ustr, InstrumentAny>>,
    clock: &'static AtomicTime,
    cache_initialized: Arc<AtomicBool>,
}

impl Clone for KrakenFuturesHttpClient {
    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
        Self {
            inner: self.inner.clone(),
            instruments_cache: self.instruments_cache.clone(),
            cache_initialized: self.cache_initialized.clone(),
            clock: self.clock,
        }
    }
}

impl Default for KrakenFuturesHttpClient {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::new(
            KrakenEnvironment::Mainnet,
            None,
            60,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            KRAKEN_FUTURES_DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_PER_SECOND,
        )
        .expect("Failed to create default KrakenFuturesHttpClient")
    }
}

impl Debug for KrakenFuturesHttpClient {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct(stringify!(KrakenFuturesHttpClient))
            .field("inner", &self.inner)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl KrakenFuturesHttpClient {
    /// Creates a new [`KrakenFuturesHttpClient`].
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        environment: KrakenEnvironment,
        base_url_override: Option<String>,
        timeout_secs: u64,
        max_retries: Option<u32>,
        retry_delay_ms: Option<u64>,
        retry_delay_max_ms: Option<u64>,
        proxy_url: Option<String>,
        max_requests_per_second: u32,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            inner: Arc::new(KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient::new(
                environment,
                base_url_override,
                timeout_secs,
                max_retries,
                retry_delay_ms,
                retry_delay_max_ms,
                proxy_url,
                max_requests_per_second,
            )?),
            instruments_cache: Arc::new(AtomicMap::new()),
            cache_initialized: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            clock: get_atomic_clock_realtime(),
        })
    }

    /// Creates a new [`KrakenFuturesHttpClient`] with credentials.
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn with_credentials(
        api_key: String,
        api_secret: String,
        environment: KrakenEnvironment,
        base_url_override: Option<String>,
        timeout_secs: u64,
        max_retries: Option<u32>,
        retry_delay_ms: Option<u64>,
        retry_delay_max_ms: Option<u64>,
        proxy_url: Option<String>,
        max_requests_per_second: u32,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            inner: Arc::new(KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient::with_credentials(
                api_key,
                api_secret,
                environment,
                base_url_override,
                timeout_secs,
                max_retries,
                retry_delay_ms,
                retry_delay_max_ms,
                proxy_url,
                max_requests_per_second,
            )?),
            instruments_cache: Arc::new(AtomicMap::new()),
            cache_initialized: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            clock: get_atomic_clock_realtime(),
        })
    }

    /// Creates a new [`KrakenFuturesHttpClient`] loading credentials from environment variables.
    ///
    /// Looks for `KRAKEN_FUTURES_API_KEY` and `KRAKEN_FUTURES_API_SECRET` (mainnet)
    /// or `KRAKEN_FUTURES_DEMO_API_KEY` and `KRAKEN_FUTURES_DEMO_API_SECRET` (demo).
    ///
    /// Falls back to unauthenticated client if credentials are not set.
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn from_env(
        environment: KrakenEnvironment,
        base_url_override: Option<String>,
        timeout_secs: u64,
        max_retries: Option<u32>,
        retry_delay_ms: Option<u64>,
        retry_delay_max_ms: Option<u64>,
        proxy_url: Option<String>,
        max_requests_per_second: u32,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Self> {
        let demo = environment == KrakenEnvironment::Demo;

        if let Some(credential) = KrakenCredential::from_env_futures(demo) {
            let (api_key, api_secret) = credential.into_parts();
            Self::with_credentials(
                api_key,
                api_secret,
                environment,
                base_url_override,
                timeout_secs,
                max_retries,
                retry_delay_ms,
                retry_delay_max_ms,
                proxy_url,
                max_requests_per_second,
            )
        } else {
            Self::new(
                environment,
                base_url_override,
                timeout_secs,
                max_retries,
                retry_delay_ms,
                retry_delay_max_ms,
                proxy_url,
                max_requests_per_second,
            )
        }
    }

    /// Cancels all pending HTTP requests.
    pub fn cancel_all_requests(&self) {
        self.inner.cancel_all_requests();
    }

    /// Returns the cancellation token for this client.
    pub fn cancellation_token(&self) -> &CancellationToken {
        self.inner.cancellation_token()
    }

    /// Caches an instrument for symbol lookup.
    pub fn cache_instrument(&self, instrument: InstrumentAny) {
        self.instruments_cache
            .insert(instrument.symbol().inner(), instrument);
        self.cache_initialized.store(true, Ordering::Release);
    }

    /// Caches multiple instruments for symbol lookup.
    pub fn cache_instruments(&self, instruments: &[InstrumentAny]) {
        self.instruments_cache.rcu(|m| {
            for instrument in instruments {
                m.insert(instrument.symbol().inner(), instrument.clone());
            }
        });
        self.cache_initialized.store(true, Ordering::Release);
    }

    /// Gets an instrument from the cache by symbol.
    pub fn get_cached_instrument(&self, symbol: &Ustr) -> Option<InstrumentAny> {
        self.instruments_cache.get_cloned(symbol)
    }

    fn get_instrument_by_raw_symbol(&self, raw_symbol: &str) -> Option<InstrumentAny> {
        self.instruments_cache
            .load()
            .values()
            .find(|inst| inst.raw_symbol().as_str() == raw_symbol)
            .cloned()
    }

    fn generate_ts_init(&self) -> UnixNanos {
        self.clock.get_time_ns()
    }

    /// Requests tradable instruments from Kraken Futures.
    pub async fn request_instruments(&self) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<InstrumentAny>, KrakenHttpError> {
        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();
        let response = self.inner.get_instruments().await?;

        let instruments: Vec<InstrumentAny> = response
            .instruments
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|fut_instrument| {
                match parse_futures_instrument(fut_instrument, ts_init, ts_init) {
                    Ok(instrument) => Some(instrument),
                    Err(e) => {
                        let symbol = &fut_instrument.symbol;
                        log::warn!("Failed to parse futures instrument {symbol}: {e}");
                        None
                    }
                }
            })
            .collect();

        Ok(instruments)
    }

    /// Requests the current market status for Kraken Futures instruments.
    pub async fn request_instrument_statuses(
        &self,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<AHashMap<InstrumentId, MarketStatusAction>, KrakenHttpError> {
        let response = self.inner.get_instruments().await?;

        Ok(response
            .instruments
            .iter()
            .map(|instrument| {
                let instrument_id =
                    InstrumentId::new(Symbol::new(&instrument.symbol), *KRAKEN_VENUE);
                let action = if instrument.tradeable {
                    MarketStatusAction::Trading
                } else {
                    MarketStatusAction::NotAvailableForTrading
                };

                (instrument_id, action)
            })
            .collect())
    }

    /// Requests the mark price for an instrument.
    pub async fn request_mark_price(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<f64, KrakenHttpError> {
        let instrument = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                    "Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"
                ))
            })?;

        let raw_symbol = instrument.raw_symbol().to_string();
        let tickers = self.inner.get_tickers().await?;

        tickers
            .tickers
            .iter()
            .find(|t| t.symbol == raw_symbol)
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Symbol {raw_symbol} not found in tickers"))
            })
            .and_then(|t| {
                t.mark_price.ok_or_else(|| {
                    KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                        "Mark price not available for {raw_symbol} (may not be available in testnet)"
                    ))
                })
            })
    }

    pub async fn request_index_price(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<f64, KrakenHttpError> {
        let instrument = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                    "Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"
                ))
            })?;

        let raw_symbol = instrument.raw_symbol().to_string();
        let tickers = self.inner.get_tickers().await?;

        tickers
            .tickers
            .iter()
            .find(|t| t.symbol == raw_symbol)
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!("Symbol {raw_symbol} not found in tickers"))
            })
            .and_then(|t| {
                t.index_price.ok_or_else(|| {
                    KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                        "Index price not available for {raw_symbol} (may not be available in testnet)"
                    ))
                })
            })
    }

    pub async fn request_trades(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        start: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        end: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        limit: Option<u64>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<TradeTick>, KrakenHttpError> {
        let instrument = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                    "Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"
                ))
            })?;

        let raw_symbol = instrument.raw_symbol().to_string();
        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();

        let since = start.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_millis());
        let before = end.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_millis());

        let response = self
            .inner
            .get_public_executions(&raw_symbol, since, before, Some("asc"), None)
            .await?;

        let mut trades = Vec::new();

        for element in &response.elements {
            let execution = &element.event.execution.execution;
            match parse_futures_public_execution(execution, &instrument, ts_init) {
                Ok(trade_tick) => {
                    trades.push(trade_tick);

                    if let Some(limit_count) = limit
                        && trades.len() >= limit_count as usize
                    {
                        return Ok(trades);
                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    log::warn!("Failed to parse futures trade tick: {e}");
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(trades)
    }

    pub async fn request_bars(
        &self,
        bar_type: BarType,
        start: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        end: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        limit: Option<u64>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<Bar>, KrakenHttpError> {
        let instrument_id = bar_type.instrument_id();
        let instrument = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                    "Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"
                ))
            })?;

        let raw_symbol = instrument.raw_symbol().to_string();
        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();
        let tick_type = "trade";
        let resolution = bar_type_to_futures_resolution(bar_type)
            .map_err(|e| KrakenHttpError::ParseError(e.to_string()))?;

        // Kraken Futures OHLC API expects Unix timestamp in seconds
        let from = start.map(|dt| dt.timestamp());
        let to = end.map(|dt| dt.timestamp());
        let end_ns = end.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_nanos_opt().unwrap_or(0) as u64);

        let response = self
            .inner
            .get_ohlc(tick_type, &raw_symbol, resolution, from, to)
            .await?;

        let mut bars = Vec::new();

        for candle in response.candles {
            let ohlc = OhlcData {
                time: candle.time / 1000,
                open: candle.open,
                high: candle.high,
                low: candle.low,
                close: candle.close,
                vwap: "0".to_string(),
                volume: candle.volume,
                count: 0,
            };

            match parse_bar(&ohlc, &instrument, bar_type, ts_init) {
                Ok(bar) => {
                    if let Some(end_nanos) = end_ns
                        && bar.ts_event.as_u64() > end_nanos
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                    bars.push(bar);

                    if let Some(limit_count) = limit
                        && bars.len() >= limit_count as usize
                    {
                        return Ok(bars);
                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    log::warn!("Failed to parse futures bar: {e}");
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(bars)
    }

    /// Requests an order book snapshot for a futures instrument.
    pub async fn request_book_snapshot(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        depth: Option<u32>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<OrderBook, KrakenHttpError> {
        let instrument = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                    "Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"
                ))
            })?;

        let raw_symbol = instrument.raw_symbol().to_string();
        let price_precision = instrument.price_precision();
        let size_precision = instrument.size_precision();
        let ts_event = self.generate_ts_init();

        let response = self.inner.get_orderbook(&raw_symbol).await?;
        let book_data = &response.order_book;

        let mut book = OrderBook::new(instrument_id, BookType::L2_MBP);

        let bid_limit = depth.map_or(book_data.bids.len(), |d| {
            (d as usize).min(book_data.bids.len())
        });
        let ask_limit = depth.map_or(book_data.asks.len(), |d| {
            (d as usize).min(book_data.asks.len())
        });

        // Pass sequence=0 so the snapshot does not advance the book's high-water sequence,
        // the WS subscription owns sequencing once it starts streaming deltas.
        for (i, level) in book_data.bids.iter().take(bid_limit).enumerate() {
            let price = Price::new(level.price, price_precision);
            let size = Quantity::new(level.qty, size_precision);
            let order = BookOrder::new(OrderSide::Buy, price, size, i as u64);
            book.add(order, 0, 0, ts_event);
        }

        for (i, level) in book_data.asks.iter().take(ask_limit).enumerate() {
            let price = Price::new(level.price, price_precision);
            let size = Quantity::new(level.qty, size_precision);
            let order = BookOrder::new(OrderSide::Sell, price, size, (bid_limit + i) as u64);
            book.add(order, 0, 0, ts_event);
        }

        Ok(book)
    }

    /// Requests historical funding rates for a futures instrument.
    ///
    /// Kraken returns all available rates; client-side filtering applies
    /// the `start`, `end`, and `limit` constraints from the caller.
    pub async fn request_funding_rates(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        start: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        end: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        limit: Option<usize>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<FundingRateUpdate>, KrakenHttpError> {
        let instrument = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                KrakenHttpError::ParseError(format!(
                    "Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"
                ))
            })?;

        let raw_symbol = instrument.raw_symbol().to_string();
        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();
        let start_ns = start.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_nanos_opt().unwrap_or(0) as u64);
        let end_ns = end.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_nanos_opt().unwrap_or(0) as u64);

        let response = self.inner.get_historical_funding_rates(&raw_symbol).await?;

        let mut rates = Vec::new();

        for entry in &response.rates {
            let ts_event = entry
                .timestamp
                .parse::<DateTime<Utc>>()
                .map_or(ts_init, |dt| {
                    UnixNanos::from(dt.timestamp_nanos_opt().unwrap_or(0) as u64)
                });

            if let Some(s) = start_ns
                && ts_event.as_u64() < s
            {
                continue;
            }

            if let Some(e) = end_ns
                && ts_event.as_u64() > e
            {
                continue;
            }

            let Some(rate) = Decimal::from_f64(entry.relative_funding_rate) else {
                continue;
            };

            rates.push(FundingRateUpdate::new(
                instrument_id,
                rate,
                None,
                None,
                ts_event,
                ts_init,
            ));

            if let Some(lim) = limit
                && rates.len() >= lim
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        // Kraken returns newest-first; reverse to ascending chronological order
        rates.reverse();

        Ok(rates)
    }

    /// Requests account state from the Kraken Futures exchange.
    ///
    /// This queries the accounts endpoint and converts the response into a
    /// Nautilus `AccountState` event containing balances and margin info.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if:
    /// - Credentials are missing.
    /// - The request fails.
    /// - Response parsing fails.
    pub async fn request_account_state(
        &self,
        account_id: AccountId,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<AccountState> {
        let accounts_response = self.inner.get_accounts().await?;

        if accounts_response.result != KrakenApiResult::Success {
            let error_msg = accounts_response
                .error
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "Unknown error".to_string());
            anyhow::bail!("Failed to get futures accounts: {error_msg}");
        }

        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();

        let mut balances: Vec<AccountBalance> = Vec::new();
        let mut margins: Vec<MarginBalance> = Vec::new();

        for account in accounts_response.accounts.values() {
            match account.account_type {
                KrakenFuturesAccountType::MultiCollateralMarginAccount => {
                    parse_multi_collateral_balances(account, &mut balances);
                    parse_multi_collateral_margins(account, &mut margins);
                }
                KrakenFuturesAccountType::MarginAccount => {
                    parse_margin_account_balances(account, &mut balances);
                    parse_margin_account_margins(account, &mut margins);
                }
                KrakenFuturesAccountType::CashAccount => {
                    parse_cash_account_balances(account, &mut balances);
                }
                KrakenFuturesAccountType::Unknown => {
                    log::debug!("Unknown account type: {:?}", account.account_type);
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(AccountState::new(
            account_id,
            AccountType::Margin,
            balances,
            margins,
            true,
            UUID4::new(),
            ts_init,
            ts_init,
            None,
        ))
    }

    pub async fn request_order_status_reports(
        &self,
        account_id: AccountId,
        instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        start: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        end: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        open_only: bool,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<OrderStatusReport>> {
        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();
        let mut all_reports = Vec::new();

        let response = self
            .inner
            .get_open_orders()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("get_open_orders failed: {e}"))?;

        if response.result != KrakenApiResult::Success {
            let error_msg = response
                .error
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "Unknown error".to_string());
            anyhow::bail!("Failed to get open orders: {error_msg}");
        }

        for order in &response.open_orders {
            if let Some(ref target_id) = instrument_id {
                let instrument = self.get_cached_instrument(&target_id.symbol.inner());
                if let Some(inst) = instrument
                    && inst.raw_symbol().as_str() != order.symbol
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if let Some(instrument) = self.get_instrument_by_raw_symbol(&order.symbol) {
                match parse_futures_order_status_report(order, &instrument, account_id, ts_init) {
                    Ok(report) => all_reports.push(report),
                    Err(e) => {
                        let order_id = &order.order_id;
                        log::warn!("Failed to parse futures order {order_id}: {e}");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if !open_only {
            // Kraken Futures order events API expects Unix timestamp in milliseconds
            let start_ms = start.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_millis());
            let end_ms = end.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_millis());
            let response = self
                .inner
                .get_order_events(end_ms, start_ms, None)
                .await
                .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("get_order_events failed: {e}"))?;

            for event_wrapper in response.order_events {
                let event = &event_wrapper.order;

                if let Some(ref target_id) = instrument_id {
                    let instrument = self.get_cached_instrument(&target_id.symbol.inner());
                    if let Some(inst) = instrument
                        && inst.raw_symbol().as_str() != event.symbol
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                if let Some(instrument) = self.get_instrument_by_raw_symbol(&event.symbol) {
                    match parse_futures_order_event_status_report(
                        event,
                        Some(event_wrapper.event_type),
                        &instrument,
                        account_id,
                        ts_init,
                    ) {
                        Ok(report) => all_reports.push(report),
                        Err(e) => {
                            let order_id = &event.order_id;
                            log::warn!("Failed to parse futures order event {order_id}: {e}");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(all_reports)
    }

    pub async fn request_fill_reports(
        &self,
        account_id: AccountId,
        instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
        start: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
        end: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<FillReport>> {
        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();
        let mut all_reports = Vec::new();

        let response = self.inner.get_fills(None).await?;
        if response.result != KrakenApiResult::Success {
            let error_msg = response
                .error
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "Unknown error".to_string());
            anyhow::bail!("Failed to get fills: {error_msg}");
        }

        let start_ms = start.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_millis());
        let end_ms = end.map(|dt| dt.timestamp_millis());

        for fill in response.fills {
            if let Some(start_threshold) = start_ms
                && let Ok(fill_ts) = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&fill.fill_time)
            {
                let fill_ms = fill_ts.timestamp_millis();
                if fill_ms < start_threshold {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if let Some(end_threshold) = end_ms
                && let Ok(fill_ts) = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339(&fill.fill_time)
            {
                let fill_ms = fill_ts.timestamp_millis();
                if fill_ms > end_threshold {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if let Some(ref target_id) = instrument_id {
                let instrument = self.get_cached_instrument(&target_id.symbol.inner());
                if let Some(inst) = instrument
                    && inst.raw_symbol().as_str() != fill.symbol
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if let Some(instrument) = self.get_instrument_by_raw_symbol(&fill.symbol) {
                match parse_futures_fill_report(&fill, &instrument, account_id, ts_init) {
                    Ok(report) => all_reports.push(report),
                    Err(e) => {
                        let fill_id = &fill.fill_id;
                        log::warn!("Failed to parse futures fill {fill_id}: {e}");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(all_reports)
    }

    pub async fn request_position_status_reports(
        &self,
        account_id: AccountId,
        instrument_id: Option<InstrumentId>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<PositionStatusReport>> {
        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();
        let mut all_reports = Vec::new();

        let response = self.inner.get_open_positions().await?;
        if response.result != KrakenApiResult::Success {
            let error_msg = response
                .error
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "Unknown error".to_string());
            anyhow::bail!("Failed to get open positions: {error_msg}");
        }

        for position in response.open_positions {
            if let Some(ref target_id) = instrument_id {
                let instrument = self.get_cached_instrument(&target_id.symbol.inner());
                if let Some(inst) = instrument
                    && inst.raw_symbol().as_str() != position.symbol
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }

            if let Some(instrument) = self.get_instrument_by_raw_symbol(&position.symbol) {
                match parse_futures_position_status_report(
                    &position,
                    &instrument,
                    account_id,
                    ts_init,
                ) {
                    Ok(report) => all_reports.push(report),
                    Err(e) => {
                        let symbol = &position.symbol;
                        log::warn!("Failed to parse futures position {symbol}: {e}");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        Ok(all_reports)
    }

    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    fn build_send_order_params(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        client_order_id: ClientOrderId,
        order_side: OrderSide,
        order_type: OrderType,
        quantity: Quantity,
        time_in_force: TimeInForce,
        price: Option<Price>,
        trigger_price: Option<Price>,
        trigger_type: Option<TriggerType>,
        reduce_only: bool,
        post_only: bool,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<KrakenFuturesSendOrderParams> {
        let instrument = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"))?;

        let raw_symbol = instrument.raw_symbol().inner();

        // Map order type and time-in-force to Kraken order type
        // Kraken Futures encodes TIF in the orderType field:
        // - lmt = limit (GTC)
        // - ioc = immediate-or-cancel
        // - post = post-only (maker only)
        // - mkt = market
        let kraken_order_type = match order_type {
            OrderType::Market => KrakenFuturesOrderType::Market,
            OrderType::Limit => {
                if post_only {
                    KrakenFuturesOrderType::Post
                } else {
                    match time_in_force {
                        TimeInForce::Ioc => KrakenFuturesOrderType::Ioc,
                        TimeInForce::Fok => {
                            anyhow::bail!("FOK not supported by Kraken Futures, use IOC instead")
                        }
                        TimeInForce::Gtd => {
                            anyhow::bail!("GTD not supported by Kraken Futures, use GTC instead")
                        }
                        _ => KrakenFuturesOrderType::Limit, // GTC is default
                    }
                }
            }
            OrderType::StopMarket | OrderType::StopLimit => KrakenFuturesOrderType::Stop,
            OrderType::MarketIfTouched | OrderType::LimitIfTouched => {
                KrakenFuturesOrderType::TakeProfit
            }
            _ => anyhow::bail!("Unsupported order type: {order_type:?}"),
        };

        let kraken_side: KrakenOrderSide = order_side
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Invalid order side: {e}"))?;

        let mut builder = KrakenFuturesSendOrderParamsBuilder::default();
        builder
            .cli_ord_id(truncate_cl_ord_id(&client_order_id))
            .broker(NAUTILUS_KRAKEN_BROKER_ID)
            .symbol(raw_symbol)
            .side(kraken_side)
            .size(quantity.to_string())
            .order_type(kraken_order_type);

        if matches!(
            order_type,
            OrderType::StopMarket
                | OrderType::StopLimit
                | OrderType::MarketIfTouched
                | OrderType::LimitIfTouched
        ) && let Some(signal) = map_futures_trigger_signal(trigger_type)?
        {
            builder.trigger_signal(signal);
        }

        match order_type {
            OrderType::StopMarket => {
                if let Some(trigger) = trigger_price {
                    builder.stop_price(trigger.to_string());
                }
            }
            OrderType::StopLimit => {
                if let Some(trigger) = trigger_price {
                    builder.stop_price(trigger.to_string());
                }

                if let Some(limit) = price {
                    builder.limit_price(limit.to_string());
                }
            }
            OrderType::MarketIfTouched | OrderType::LimitIfTouched => {
                if let Some(trigger) = trigger_price {
                    builder.stop_price(trigger.to_string());
                }

                if let Some(limit) = price {
                    builder.limit_price(limit.to_string());
                }
            }
            _ => {
                if let Some(limit) = price {
                    builder.limit_price(limit.to_string());
                }
            }
        }

        if reduce_only {
            builder.reduce_only(true);
        }

        builder
            .build()
            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to build order params: {e}"))
    }

    /// Submits a new order to the Kraken Futures exchange.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if:
    /// - Credentials are missing.
    /// - The instrument is not found in cache.
    /// - The order type or time in force is not supported.
    /// - The request fails.
    /// - The order is rejected.
    #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub async fn submit_order(
        &self,
        account_id: AccountId,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        client_order_id: ClientOrderId,
        order_side: OrderSide,
        order_type: OrderType,
        quantity: Quantity,
        time_in_force: TimeInForce,
        price: Option<Price>,
        trigger_price: Option<Price>,
        trigger_type: Option<TriggerType>,
        reduce_only: bool,
        post_only: bool,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<OrderStatusReport> {
        let instrument = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"))?;

        let params = self.build_send_order_params(
            instrument_id,
            client_order_id,
            order_side,
            order_type,
            quantity,
            time_in_force,
            price,
            trigger_price,
            trigger_type,
            reduce_only,
            post_only,
        )?;

        let response = self.inner.send_order_params(&params).await?;

        if response.result != KrakenApiResult::Success {
            let error_msg = response
                .error
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "Unknown error".to_string());
            anyhow::bail!("Order submission failed: {error_msg}");
        }

        let send_status = response
            .send_status
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("No send_status in successful response"))?;

        let status = &send_status.status;

        // Check for post-only rejection (Kraken returns status="postWouldExecute")
        if status == "postWouldExecute" {
            let reason = send_status
                .order_events
                .as_ref()
                .and_then(|events| events.first())
                .and_then(|e| e.reason.clone())
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "Post-only order would have crossed".to_string());
            anyhow::bail!("POST_ONLY_REJECTED: {reason}");
        }

        let venue_order_id = send_status
            .order_id
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("No order_id in send_status: {status}"))?;

        let ts_init = self.generate_ts_init();

        let open_orders_response = self.inner.get_open_orders().await?;
        if let Some(order) = open_orders_response
            .open_orders
            .iter()
            .find(|o| o.order_id == venue_order_id)
        {
            return parse_futures_order_status_report(order, &instrument, account_id, ts_init);
        }

        // Order not in open orders - may have filled immediately (market order or aggressive limit)
        // Try to use order_events from send_status first
        if let Some(order_events) = &send_status.order_events
            && let Some(send_event) = order_events.first()
        {
            // Handle regular orders, trigger orders, and execution events
            let event = if let Some(order_data) = &send_event.order {
                FuturesOrderEvent {
                    order_id: order_data.order_id.clone(),
                    cli_ord_id: order_data.cli_ord_id.clone(),
                    order_type: order_data.order_type,
                    symbol: order_data.symbol.clone(),
                    side: order_data.side,
                    quantity: order_data.quantity,
                    filled: order_data.filled,
                    limit_price: order_data.limit_price,
                    stop_price: order_data.stop_price,
                    timestamp: order_data.timestamp.clone(),
                    last_update_timestamp: order_data.last_update_timestamp.clone(),
                    reduce_only: order_data.reduce_only,
                }
            } else if let Some(trigger_data) = &send_event.order_trigger {
                FuturesOrderEvent {
                    order_id: trigger_data.uid.clone(),
                    cli_ord_id: trigger_data.client_id.clone(),
                    order_type: trigger_data.order_type,
                    symbol: trigger_data.symbol.clone(),
                    side: trigger_data.side,
                    quantity: trigger_data.quantity,
                    filled: 0.0,
                    limit_price: trigger_data.limit_price,
                    stop_price: Some(trigger_data.trigger_price),
                    timestamp: trigger_data.timestamp.clone(),
                    last_update_timestamp: trigger_data.last_update_timestamp.clone(),
                    reduce_only: trigger_data.reduce_only,
                }
            } else if let Some(prior_exec) = &send_event.order_prior_execution {
                // EXECUTION event - use orderPriorExecution data
                FuturesOrderEvent {
                    order_id: prior_exec.order_id.clone(),
                    cli_ord_id: prior_exec.cli_ord_id.clone(),
                    order_type: prior_exec.order_type,
                    symbol: prior_exec.symbol.clone(),
                    side: prior_exec.side,
                    quantity: prior_exec.quantity,
                    filled: send_event.amount.unwrap_or(prior_exec.quantity), // Use execution amount
                    limit_price: prior_exec.limit_price,
                    stop_price: prior_exec.stop_price,
                    timestamp: prior_exec.timestamp.clone(),
                    last_update_timestamp: prior_exec.last_update_timestamp.clone(),
                    reduce_only: prior_exec.reduce_only,
                }
            } else {
                anyhow::bail!("No order, orderTrigger, or orderPriorExecution data in event");
            };
            return parse_futures_order_event_status_report(
                &event,
                Some(send_event.event_type),
                &instrument,
                account_id,
                ts_init,
            );
        }

        // Fall back to querying order events
        let events_response = self.inner.get_order_events(None, None, None).await?;
        let event_wrapper = events_response
            .order_events
            .iter()
            .find(|e| e.order.order_id == venue_order_id)
            .ok_or_else(|| {
                anyhow::anyhow!("Order not found in open orders or events: {venue_order_id}")
            })?;

        parse_futures_order_event_status_report(
            &event_wrapper.order,
            Some(event_wrapper.event_type),
            &instrument,
            account_id,
            ts_init,
        )
    }

    /// Modifies an existing order on the Kraken Futures exchange.
    ///
    /// Returns the new venue order ID assigned to the modified order.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if:
    /// - Neither `client_order_id` nor `venue_order_id` is provided.
    /// - The instrument is not found in cache.
    /// - The request fails.
    /// - The edit fails on the exchange.
    pub async fn modify_order(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        client_order_id: Option<ClientOrderId>,
        venue_order_id: Option<VenueOrderId>,
        quantity: Option<Quantity>,
        price: Option<Price>,
        trigger_price: Option<Price>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<VenueOrderId> {
        let params = self.build_edit_order_params(
            instrument_id,
            client_order_id,
            venue_order_id,
            quantity,
            price,
            trigger_price,
        )?;
        let original_order_id = params.order_id.clone();

        let response = self.inner.edit_order(&params).await?;

        if response.result != KrakenApiResult::Success {
            let status = &response.edit_status.status;
            anyhow::bail!("Order modification failed: {status}");
        }

        // Return the new order_id from the response, or fall back to the original
        let new_venue_order_id = response
            .edit_status
            .order_id
            .or(original_order_id)
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("No order ID in edit order response"))?;

        Ok(VenueOrderId::new(&new_venue_order_id))
    }

    /// Cancels an order on the Kraken Futures exchange.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if:
    /// - Credentials are missing.
    /// - Neither client_order_id nor venue_order_id is provided.
    /// - The request fails.
    /// - The order cancellation is rejected.
    pub async fn cancel_order(
        &self,
        _account_id: AccountId,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        client_order_id: Option<ClientOrderId>,
        venue_order_id: Option<VenueOrderId>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
        let _ = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"))?;

        let order_id = venue_order_id.as_ref().map(|id| id.to_string());
        let cli_ord_id = client_order_id.as_ref().map(truncate_cl_ord_id);

        if order_id.is_none() && cli_ord_id.is_none() {
            anyhow::bail!("Either client_order_id or venue_order_id must be provided");
        }

        let response = self.inner.cancel_order(order_id, cli_ord_id).await?;

        if response.result != KrakenApiResult::Success {
            let status = &response.cancel_status.status;
            anyhow::bail!("Order cancellation failed: {status}");
        }

        Ok(())
    }

    /// Cancels multiple orders on the Kraken Futures exchange.
    ///
    /// Automatically chunks requests into batches of 50 orders.
    ///
    /// # Parameters
    /// - `venue_order_ids` - List of venue order IDs to cancel.
    ///
    /// # Returns
    /// The total number of successfully cancelled orders.
    pub async fn cancel_orders_batch(
        &self,
        venue_order_ids: Vec<VenueOrderId>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<usize> {
        if venue_order_ids.is_empty() {
            return Ok(0);
        }

        let mut total_cancelled = 0;

        for chunk in venue_order_ids.chunks(BATCH_CANCEL_LIMIT) {
            let order_ids: Vec<String> = chunk.iter().map(|id| id.to_string()).collect();
            let response = self.inner.cancel_orders_batch(order_ids).await?;

            if response.result != KrakenApiResult::Success {
                let error_msg = response.error.as_deref().unwrap_or("Unknown error");
                anyhow::bail!("Batch cancel failed: {error_msg}");
            }

            let success_count = response
                .batch_status
                .iter()
                .filter(|s| {
                    s.status == Some(KrakenSendStatus::Cancelled)
                        || s.cancel_status
                            .as_ref()
                            .is_some_and(|cs| cs.status == KrakenSendStatus::Cancelled)
                })
                .count();

            total_cancelled += success_count;
        }

        Ok(total_cancelled)
    }

    /// Submits multiple orders in a single batch request.
    ///
    /// Builds batch send items from order parameters, chunks at the batch limit,
    /// and returns per-item send statuses.
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Returns an error if the batch request fails at the API level.
    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
    pub async fn submit_orders_batch(
        &self,
        orders: Vec<(
            InstrumentId,
            ClientOrderId,
            OrderSide,
            OrderType,
            Quantity,
            TimeInForce,
            Option<Price>,
            Option<Price>,
            Option<TriggerType>,
            bool,
            bool,
        )>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<FuturesSendStatus>> {
        let count = orders.len();
        if count == 0 {
            return Ok(Vec::new());
        }

        // Build params per-item, collecting validation errors individually
        // so one invalid order does not block the valid ones
        let mut all_statuses: Vec<Option<FuturesSendStatus>> = vec![None; count];
        let mut valid_items = Vec::with_capacity(count);
        let mut valid_indices = Vec::with_capacity(count);

        for (
            idx,
            (
                instrument_id,
                client_order_id,
                order_side,
                order_type,
                quantity,
                time_in_force,
                price,
                trigger_price,
                trigger_type,
                reduce_only,
                post_only,
            ),
        ) in orders.into_iter().enumerate()
        {
            match self.build_send_order_params(
                instrument_id,
                client_order_id,
                order_side,
                order_type,
                quantity,
                time_in_force,
                price,
                trigger_price,
                trigger_type,
                reduce_only,
                post_only,
            ) {
                Ok(params) => {
                    valid_items.push(KrakenFuturesBatchSendItem::from_params(
                        params,
                        idx.to_string(),
                    ));
                    valid_indices.push(idx);
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    all_statuses[idx] = Some(FuturesSendStatus {
                        order_id: None,
                        status: format!("validation_error: {e}"),
                        order_events: None,
                        cli_ord_id: None,
                        received_time: None,
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        if valid_items.is_empty() {
            return Ok(all_statuses.into_iter().flatten().collect());
        }

        let mut batch_statuses: Vec<FuturesSendStatus> = Vec::with_capacity(valid_items.len());

        for chunk in valid_items.chunks(BATCH_ORDER_LIMIT) {
            match self.inner.submit_orders_batch(chunk.to_vec()).await {
                Ok(response) => {
                    if response.result == KrakenApiResult::Success {
                        batch_statuses.extend(response.batch_status);
                    } else {
                        let error_msg = response
                            .batch_status
                            .first()
                            .map_or("Unknown error", |s| s.status.as_str());

                        for _ in 0..chunk.len() {
                            batch_statuses.push(FuturesSendStatus {
                                order_id: None,
                                status: format!("api_error: {error_msg}"),
                                order_events: None,
                                cli_ord_id: None,
                                received_time: None,
                            });
                        }
                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    // Fill remaining valid items with error statuses
                    let remaining = valid_items.len() - batch_statuses.len();
                    for _ in 0..remaining {
                        batch_statuses.push(FuturesSendStatus {
                            order_id: None,
                            status: format!("batch_error: {e}"),
                            order_events: None,
                            cli_ord_id: None,
                            received_time: None,
                        });
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // Map batch statuses back to original order positions
        for (batch_idx, &original_idx) in valid_indices.iter().enumerate() {
            if let Some(status) = batch_statuses.get(batch_idx) {
                all_statuses[original_idx] = Some(status.clone());
            }
        }

        Ok(all_statuses.into_iter().flatten().collect())
    }

    /// Modifies multiple orders in a single batch request.
    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
    pub async fn edit_orders_batch(
        &self,
        orders: Vec<(
            InstrumentId,
            Option<ClientOrderId>,
            Option<VenueOrderId>,
            Option<Quantity>,
            Option<Price>,
            Option<Price>,
        )>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Vec<String>> {
        let count = orders.len();
        if count == 0 {
            return Ok(Vec::new());
        }

        let mut all_statuses: Vec<Option<String>> = vec![None; count];
        let mut valid_items = Vec::with_capacity(count);
        let mut valid_indices = Vec::with_capacity(count);

        for (
            idx,
            (instrument_id, client_order_id, venue_order_id, quantity, price, trigger_price),
        ) in orders.into_iter().enumerate()
        {
            match self.build_edit_order_params(
                instrument_id,
                client_order_id,
                venue_order_id,
                quantity,
                price,
                trigger_price,
            ) {
                Ok(params) => {
                    valid_items.push(KrakenFuturesBatchEditItem::from_params(
                        params,
                        idx.to_string(),
                    ));
                    valid_indices.push(idx);
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    all_statuses[idx] = Some(format!("validation_error: {e}"));
                }
            }
        }

        if valid_items.is_empty() {
            return Ok(all_statuses.into_iter().flatten().collect());
        }

        let mut batch_statuses: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(valid_items.len());

        for chunk in valid_items.chunks(BATCH_ORDER_LIMIT) {
            match self.inner.edit_orders_batch(chunk.to_vec()).await {
                Ok(response) => {
                    if response.result == KrakenApiResult::Success {
                        batch_statuses.extend(response.batch_status.into_iter().map(|s| s.status));
                    } else {
                        let error_msg = response
                            .batch_status
                            .first()
                            .map_or("Unknown error", |s| s.status.as_str());

                        for _ in 0..chunk.len() {
                            batch_statuses.push(format!("api_error: {error_msg}"));
                        }
                    }
                }
                Err(e) => {
                    let remaining = valid_items.len() - batch_statuses.len();
                    for _ in 0..remaining {
                        batch_statuses.push(format!("batch_error: {e}"));
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        for (batch_idx, &original_idx) in valid_indices.iter().enumerate() {
            if let Some(status) = batch_statuses.get(batch_idx) {
                all_statuses[original_idx] = Some(status.clone());
            }
        }

        Ok(all_statuses.into_iter().flatten().collect())
    }

    fn build_edit_order_params(
        &self,
        instrument_id: InstrumentId,
        client_order_id: Option<ClientOrderId>,
        venue_order_id: Option<VenueOrderId>,
        quantity: Option<Quantity>,
        price: Option<Price>,
        trigger_price: Option<Price>,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<KrakenFuturesEditOrderParams> {
        let _ = self
            .get_cached_instrument(&instrument_id.symbol.inner())
            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Instrument not found in cache: {instrument_id}"))?;

        let order_id = venue_order_id.as_ref().map(|id| id.to_string());
        let cli_ord_id = client_order_id.as_ref().map(truncate_cl_ord_id);

        if order_id.is_none() && cli_ord_id.is_none() {
            anyhow::bail!("Either client_order_id or venue_order_id must be provided");
        }

        let mut builder = KrakenFuturesEditOrderParamsBuilder::default();

        if let Some(ref id) = order_id {
            builder.order_id(id.clone());
        }

        if let Some(ref id) = cli_ord_id {
            builder.cli_ord_id(id.clone());
        }

        if let Some(qty) = quantity {
            builder.size(qty.to_string());
        }

        if let Some(p) = price {
            builder.limit_price(p.to_string());
        }

        if let Some(tp) = trigger_price {
            builder.stop_price(tp.to_string());
        }

        builder
            .build()
            .map_err(|e| anyhow::anyhow!("Failed to build edit order params: {e}"))
    }
}

fn map_futures_trigger_signal(
    trigger_type: Option<TriggerType>,
) -> anyhow::Result<Option<KrakenTriggerSignal>> {
    match trigger_type {
        None => Ok(None),
        Some(TriggerType::Default | TriggerType::LastPrice) => Ok(Some(KrakenTriggerSignal::Last)),
        Some(TriggerType::MarkPrice) => Ok(Some(KrakenTriggerSignal::Mark)),
        Some(TriggerType::IndexPrice) => Ok(Some(KrakenTriggerSignal::Index)),
        Some(other) => anyhow::bail!(
            "Unsupported trigger type for Kraken Futures: {other:?} (only LastPrice, MarkPrice, and IndexPrice supported)"
        ),
    }
}

fn parse_multi_collateral_balances(account: &FuturesAccount, balances: &mut Vec<AccountBalance>) {
    for (currency_code, currency_info) in &account.currencies {
        if currency_info.quantity == 0.0 {
            continue;
        }

        let currency = Currency::new(
            currency_code.as_str(),
            8,
            0,
            currency_code.as_str(),
            CurrencyType::Crypto,
        );

        let total_amount = currency_info.quantity;
        let available_amount = currency_info.available.unwrap_or(total_amount);
        let locked_amount = total_amount - available_amount;

        push_balance_from_f64(
            balances,
            total_amount,
            locked_amount,
            currency,
            currency_code,
        );
    }

    // Multi-collateral accounts track margin in USD even though the
    // actual collateral is held in various crypto currencies.
    if let Some(portfolio_value) = account.portfolio_value
        && portfolio_value > 0.0
    {
        let usd_currency = Currency::USD();
        let available_usd = account.available_margin.unwrap_or(portfolio_value);
        let locked_usd = portfolio_value - available_usd;

        push_balance_from_f64(balances, portfolio_value, locked_usd, usd_currency, "USD");
    }
}

// Kraken Futures serves balances as JSON numbers, which serde already parsed to
// f64. Converting to Decimal here just moves the value into the fixed-point
// constructor; it does not recover any precision lost at the wire parse.
fn push_balance_from_f64(
    balances: &mut Vec<AccountBalance>,
    total: f64,
    locked: f64,
    currency: Currency,
    ccy_label: &str,
) {
    let Some(total_dec) = Decimal::from_f64(total) else {
        log::warn!("Skipping {ccy_label} balance: non-finite total {total}");
        return;
    };
    let Some(locked_dec) = Decimal::from_f64(locked) else {
        log::warn!("Skipping {ccy_label} balance: non-finite locked {locked}");
        return;
    };

    match AccountBalance::from_total_and_locked(total_dec, locked_dec, currency) {
        Ok(balance) => balances.push(balance),
        Err(e) => log::warn!("Skipping {ccy_label} balance: {e}"),
    }
}

fn parse_multi_collateral_margins(account: &FuturesAccount, margins: &mut Vec<MarginBalance>) {
    if let Some(initial_margin) = account.initial_margin
        && initial_margin > 0.0
    {
        let usd_currency = Currency::USD();
        let maintenance = account
            .margin_requirements
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|mr| mr.mm)
            .unwrap_or(0.0);
        // Kraken Futures reports cross-margin aggregates in USD; emit as an
        // account-wide entry keyed by USD.
        margins.push(MarginBalance::new(
            Money::new(initial_margin, usd_currency),
            Money::new(maintenance, usd_currency),
            None,
        ));
    }
}

fn parse_margin_account_balances(account: &FuturesAccount, balances: &mut Vec<AccountBalance>) {
    for (currency_code, &amount) in &account.balances {
        if amount == 0.0 {
            continue;
        }

        let currency = Currency::new(
            currency_code.as_str(),
            8,
            0,
            currency_code.as_str(),
            CurrencyType::Crypto,
        );

        let available = account
            .auxiliary
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|aux| aux.af)
            .unwrap_or(amount);
        let locked = amount - available;

        push_balance_from_f64(balances, amount, locked, currency, currency_code);
    }
}

fn parse_margin_account_margins(account: &FuturesAccount, margins: &mut Vec<MarginBalance>) {
    if let Some(ref mr) = account.margin_requirements {
        let im = mr.im.unwrap_or(0.0);
        let mm = mr.mm.unwrap_or(0.0);
        if im > 0.0 || mm > 0.0 {
            let usd_currency = Currency::USD();
            margins.push(MarginBalance::new(
                Money::new(im, usd_currency),
                Money::new(mm, usd_currency),
                None,
            ));
        }
    }
}

fn parse_cash_account_balances(account: &FuturesAccount, balances: &mut Vec<AccountBalance>) {
    for (currency_code, &amount) in &account.balances {
        if amount == 0.0 {
            continue;
        }

        let currency = Currency::new(
            currency_code.as_str(),
            8,
            0,
            currency_code.as_str(),
            CurrencyType::Crypto,
        );

        push_balance_from_f64(balances, amount, 0.0, currency, currency_code);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use ahash::AHashMap;
    use nautilus_model::instruments::CryptoPerpetual;
    use rstest::rstest;

    use super::*;

    #[rstest]
    fn test_raw_client_creation() {
        let client = KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient::default();
        assert!(client.credential.is_none());
        assert!(client.base_url().contains("futures"));
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_raw_client_with_credentials() {
        let client = KrakenFuturesRawHttpClient::with_credentials(
            "test_key".to_string(),
            "test_secret".to_string(),
            KrakenEnvironment::Mainnet,
            None,
            60,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            KRAKEN_FUTURES_DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_PER_SECOND,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(client.credential.is_some());
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_client_creation() {
        let client = KrakenFuturesHttpClient::default();
        assert!(client.instruments_cache.is_empty());
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_client_with_credentials() {
        let client = KrakenFuturesHttpClient::with_credentials(
            "test_key".to_string(),
            "test_secret".to_string(),
            KrakenEnvironment::Mainnet,
            None,
            60,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            KRAKEN_FUTURES_DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_PER_SECOND,
        )
        .unwrap();
        assert!(client.instruments_cache.is_empty());
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_parse_multi_collateral_margins() {
        let account = FuturesAccount {
            account_type: KrakenFuturesAccountType::MultiCollateralMarginAccount,
            balances: AHashMap::new(),
            currencies: AHashMap::new(),
            auxiliary: None,
            margin_requirements: Some(FuturesMarginRequirements {
                im: Some(500.0),
                mm: Some(250.0),
                lt: None,
                tt: None,
            }),
            portfolio_value: Some(10000.0),
            available_margin: Some(9500.0),
            initial_margin: Some(500.0),
            pnl: None,
        };

        let mut margins = Vec::new();
        parse_multi_collateral_margins(&account, &mut margins);

        assert_eq!(margins.len(), 1);
        let margin = &margins[0];
        assert!(margin.instrument_id.is_none());
        assert_eq!(margin.currency.code.as_str(), "USD");
        assert_eq!(margin.initial.as_f64(), 500.0);
        assert_eq!(margin.maintenance.as_f64(), 250.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_parse_multi_collateral_margins_zero_skipped() {
        let account = FuturesAccount {
            account_type: KrakenFuturesAccountType::MultiCollateralMarginAccount,
            balances: AHashMap::new(),
            currencies: AHashMap::new(),
            auxiliary: None,
            margin_requirements: None,
            portfolio_value: None,
            available_margin: None,
            initial_margin: Some(0.0),
            pnl: None,
        };

        let mut margins = Vec::new();
        parse_multi_collateral_margins(&account, &mut margins);

        assert_eq!(margins.len(), 0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_parse_margin_account_margins() {
        let account = FuturesAccount {
            account_type: KrakenFuturesAccountType::MarginAccount,
            balances: AHashMap::new(),
            currencies: AHashMap::new(),
            auxiliary: None,
            margin_requirements: Some(FuturesMarginRequirements {
                im: Some(100.0),
                mm: Some(50.0),
                lt: None,
                tt: None,
            }),
            portfolio_value: None,
            available_margin: None,
            initial_margin: None,
            pnl: None,
        };

        let mut margins = Vec::new();
        parse_margin_account_margins(&account, &mut margins);

        assert_eq!(margins.len(), 1);
        let margin = &margins[0];
        assert_eq!(margin.initial.as_f64(), 100.0);
        assert_eq!(margin.maintenance.as_f64(), 50.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_parse_margin_account_margins_no_requirements() {
        let account = FuturesAccount {
            account_type: KrakenFuturesAccountType::MarginAccount,
            balances: AHashMap::new(),
            currencies: AHashMap::new(),
            auxiliary: None,
            margin_requirements: None,
            portfolio_value: None,
            available_margin: None,
            initial_margin: None,
            pnl: None,
        };

        let mut margins = Vec::new();
        parse_margin_account_margins(&account, &mut margins);

        assert_eq!(margins.len(), 0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_parse_multi_collateral_balances() {
        let mut currencies = AHashMap::new();
        currencies.insert(
            "BTC".to_string(),
            FuturesFlexCurrency {
                quantity: 1.5,
                value: None,
                collateral: None,
                available: Some(1.2),
            },
        );

        let account = FuturesAccount {
            account_type: KrakenFuturesAccountType::MultiCollateralMarginAccount,
            balances: AHashMap::new(),
            currencies,
            auxiliary: None,
            margin_requirements: None,
            portfolio_value: Some(50000.0),
            available_margin: Some(45000.0),
            initial_margin: None,
            pnl: None,
        };

        let mut balances = Vec::new();
        parse_multi_collateral_balances(&account, &mut balances);

        // BTC balance + USD portfolio balance
        assert_eq!(balances.len(), 2);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_parse_margin_account_balances_free_is_derived_from_total_minus_locked() {
        // Regression: `free` must be derived via Money fixed-point subtraction so
        // the `AccountBalance` invariant `total == locked + free` holds exactly,
        // rather than using the raw Kraken `af` (available funds) value which
        // can drift at the currency precision and violate the invariant in
        // `AccountBalance::new_checked`.
        let mut bals = AHashMap::new();
        // Values chosen so that Kraken's raw `af` rounds independently from
        // `amount - af` at currency precision 8, producing a drifted sum when
        // `free` is set directly from `af` instead of derived from `total - locked`.
        // With these f64 values (constructed via arithmetic to hit precise bit
        // patterns): round(amount * 1e8) = 1_000_000_003, round(af * 1e8) = 4,
        // and round((amount - af) * 1e8) = 1_000_000_000, so 4 + 1_000_000_000
        // != 1_000_000_003 and the old parse path violates the invariant.
        let af_f = 35.0_f64 * 1e-9;
        let amount_f = 10.0_f64 + af_f;
        bals.insert("XBT".to_string(), amount_f);

        let account = FuturesAccount {
            account_type: KrakenFuturesAccountType::MarginAccount,
            balances: bals,
            currencies: AHashMap::new(),
            auxiliary: Some(FuturesAuxiliary {
                usd: None,
                pv: None,
                pnl: None,
                af: Some(af_f),
                funding: None,
            }),
            margin_requirements: None,
            portfolio_value: None,
            available_margin: None,
            initial_margin: None,
            pnl: None,
        };

        let mut balances = Vec::new();
        parse_margin_account_balances(&account, &mut balances);

        assert_eq!(balances.len(), 1);
        let balance = &balances[0];
        // Invariant: total == locked + free (enforced by AccountBalance::new_checked,
        // but assert here to pin the derivation property at the parse site).
        assert_eq!(balance.total, balance.locked + balance.free);
        // Free is the derived side (total - locked), not the raw `af` value.
        assert_eq!(balance.free, balance.total - balance.locked);
    }

    #[rstest]
    #[case::nan_total(f64::NAN, 0.0)]
    #[case::infinity_total(f64::INFINITY, 0.0)]
    #[case::neg_infinity_total(f64::NEG_INFINITY, 0.0)]
    #[case::nan_locked(1.0, f64::NAN)]
    #[case::infinity_locked(1.0, f64::INFINITY)]
    fn test_push_balance_from_f64_skips_non_finite(#[case] total: f64, #[case] locked: f64) {
        let currency = Currency::new("BTC", 8, 0, "BTC", CurrencyType::Crypto);
        let mut balances = Vec::new();

        push_balance_from_f64(&mut balances, total, locked, currency, "BTC");

        assert!(balances.is_empty());
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_parse_cash_account_balances() {
        let mut bals = AHashMap::new();
        bals.insert("ETH".to_string(), 10.0);
        bals.insert("BTC".to_string(), 0.0); // zero, should be skipped

        let account = FuturesAccount {
            account_type: KrakenFuturesAccountType::CashAccount,
            balances: bals,
            currencies: AHashMap::new(),
            auxiliary: None,
            margin_requirements: None,
            portfolio_value: None,
            available_margin: None,
            initial_margin: None,
            pnl: None,
        };

        let mut balances = Vec::new();
        parse_cash_account_balances(&account, &mut balances);

        assert_eq!(balances.len(), 1);
        let balance = &balances[0];
        assert_eq!(balance.total.as_f64(), 10.0);
        assert_eq!(balance.locked.as_f64(), 0.0);
    }

    #[rstest]
    #[case(None, None)]
    #[case(Some(TriggerType::Default), Some(KrakenTriggerSignal::Last))]
    #[case(Some(TriggerType::LastPrice), Some(KrakenTriggerSignal::Last))]
    #[case(Some(TriggerType::MarkPrice), Some(KrakenTriggerSignal::Mark))]
    #[case(Some(TriggerType::IndexPrice), Some(KrakenTriggerSignal::Index))]
    fn test_build_send_order_params_maps_supported_trigger_signals(
        #[case] trigger_type: Option<TriggerType>,
        #[case] expected_signal: Option<KrakenTriggerSignal>,
    ) {
        let client = KrakenFuturesHttpClient::default();
        let instrument_id = cache_test_futures_instrument(&client);

        let params = client
            .build_send_order_params(
                instrument_id,
                ClientOrderId::new("futures-trigger"),
                OrderSide::Buy,
                OrderType::StopMarket,
                Quantity::from("1"),
                TimeInForce::Gtc,
                None,
                Some(Price::from("45000")),
                trigger_type,
                false,
                false,
            )
            .unwrap();

        assert_eq!(params.trigger_signal, expected_signal);
    }

    #[rstest]
    fn test_build_send_order_params_rejects_unsupported_trigger_signal() {
        let client = KrakenFuturesHttpClient::default();
        let instrument_id = cache_test_futures_instrument(&client);

        let error = client
            .build_send_order_params(
                instrument_id,
                ClientOrderId::new("futures-trigger-invalid"),
                OrderSide::Buy,
                OrderType::StopMarket,
                Quantity::from("1"),
                TimeInForce::Gtc,
                None,
                Some(Price::from("45000")),
                Some(TriggerType::BidAsk),
                false,
                false,
            )
            .unwrap_err();

        assert!(
            error
                .to_string()
                .contains("Unsupported trigger type for Kraken Futures")
        );
    }

    fn cache_test_futures_instrument(client: &KrakenFuturesHttpClient) -> InstrumentId {
        let instrument_id = InstrumentId::from("PF_XBTUSD.KRAKEN");

        client.cache_instrument(InstrumentAny::CryptoPerpetual(CryptoPerpetual::new(
            instrument_id,
            Symbol::new("PF_XBTUSD"),
            Currency::BTC(),
            Currency::USD(),
            Currency::USD(),
            false,
            0,
            4,
            Price::from("1"),
            Quantity::from("0.0001"),
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            None,
            0.into(),
            0.into(),
        )));

        instrument_id
    }
}